The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. International tourism, a combination of inbound and outbound tourism.Regional tourism, a combination of domestic and inbound tourism.National tourism, a combination of domestic and outbound tourism.Other groupings derived from the above grouping: Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country.Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country.Domestic tourism, involving residents of the given country traveling only within this country.In 1994, the United Nations identified three forms of tourism in its Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities chosen and undertaken outside the home. In 1941, Hunziker and Kraft defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months. In 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as "someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Red Square, one of the most famous squares in the world Definitions These words derive from the word tour, which comes from Old English turian, from Old French torner, from Latin tornare - "to turn on a lathe", which is itself from Ancient Greek tornos ( τόρνος) - "lathe".
The English-language word tourist was used in 1772 and tourism in 1811. 6 Tourism, cultural heritage and UNESCO.Another potential new tourism industry is virtual tourism. Tourism has reached new dimensions with the emerging industry of space tourism as well as the current industry with cruise ships, there are many different ways of tourism. The United Nations World Tourism Organization emphasized these practices by promoting tourism as part of the Sustainable Development Goals, through programs like the International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development in 2017, and programs like Tourism for SDGs focusing on how SDG 8, SDG 12 and SDG 14 implicate tourism in creating a sustainable economy. For this reason, many tourist development organizations have begun to focus on sustainable tourism in order to mitigate the negative effects caused by the growing impact of tourism. Emissions as well as other significant environmental and social impacts are not always beneficial to local communities and their economies. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012, emerging source markets such as China, Russia, and Brazil had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade. Globally, international tourism receipts (the travel item in balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2005, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. The United Nations World Tourism Organization estimated that global international tourist arrivals might decrease by 58% to 78% in 2020, leading to a potential loss of US$0.9–1.2 trillion in international tourism receipts. Tourism numbers declined as a result of a strong economic slowdown (the late-2000s recession) between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and in consequence of the outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered until the COVID-19 pandemic put an abrupt end to the growth. Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller's own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes". Tourism is travel for pleasure or business also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours.
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